Better than pretty much all of Europe, licenses are shall-issue and with a type E license you're allowed to conceal carry (can't open carry unless you're working in a specific profession - cop, army, security guard etc.). The class E license is specifically meant for "the defense of one's life, health, or property".

You do need a license for anything remotely useful today, as well as for buying ammunition, and every firearm that requires a license is registered, which kinda sucks. Full autos and explosive rounds are banned. I'm not sure about armor piercing ammo. Hollow points got legalized a few years back, together with stuff like laser pointers, barrel-mounted lights, and suppressors. Rifle magazines are theoretically limited to 10 rounds, but you can get an "exception" which is granted automatically immediately, you just need to fill out one form and pay a fee of like 200 crowns (about 10 US dollars). The reason for the "limit" is a recent attempt by the EU to regulate firearms in all member states, the "exception" is a workaround, it's dumb but I'm glad it was implemented (and the same bill also legalized hollow points, etc., so EU's attempt at regulation ended up deregulating a bunch of stuff. Take that you pinko faggots.)

There are some weapons you can buy without a license: air rifles (and they even recently removed the energy limit, they used to be limited to 16 J, now the only limit is a caliber =< 6,35mm; black powder flintlock guns, floberts, and anything made before 1890. Other stuff, like knives, bows/crossbows, etc. is completely unregulated, you can walk into the metro in Prague with a broadsword on your back and noone will raise an eyebrow. If you chase a road-raging taxi driver with it you might become a meme.

The bigger problem are laws around self-defense, or more precisely, the courts interpreting them. If you use a gun in self-defense you're potentially in some deep shit; it'll almost definitely go in front of a judge, and the judge might have some redditor-tier ideas like "you could have shot him in the arm" etc. There are continuous attempts at improving the legislation to prevent it (e.g. establishing castle doctrine), but so far no luck.

There was a case about 2 years ago, I think, where a guy shot a home invader. A recently released felon broke into his house with an axe in the middle of the night, and guy ventilated him. The case was eventually dismissed after a police investigation, but it still took about 6 months or so, which must have absolutely sucked for the poor bastard.