Neither is true, otherwise we wouldn't see cultural differences in immigrant groups, let alone groups separated by political boundaries like East & West Germany, or Athens v. Sparta, North v. South Korea, Taiwan v. China
Even if we go by actual biological race, cultural influence is mild to generic at best.
Culture is downstream of race. Ethnicity is downstream of race.
All of the above are downstream of religion
Neither is true, otherwise we wouldn't see cultural differences in immigrant groups, let alone groups separated by political boundaries like East & West Germany, or Athens v. Sparta, North v. South Korea, Taiwan v. China
Even if we go by actual biological race, cultural influence is mild to generic at best.