The doctrine "extra ecclesiam nulla salus" (outside the Church there is no salvation) has been affirmed by numerous popes, ecumenical councils, and saints throughout Church history. Pope Innocent III, speaking at the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, declared that "there is one universal Church of the faithful, outside of which no one at all is saved". Pope Boniface VIII, in his 1302 Papal Bull Unam Sanctam, asserted that "it is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff". Pope Eugene IV, at the Council of Florence (1438–1445), proclaimed that those not living within the Catholic Church, including pagans, Jews, heretics, and schismatics, "cannot become participants in eternal life" and will go to "everlasting fire" unless they join the Church before death. Pope Pius IX emphasized the necessity of the Catholic faith for salvation in his 1849 encyclical Nostis et Nobiscum. The Council of Trent, under Pope Pius IV, also declared that "this true Catholic faith, outside of which no one can be saved". Numerous saints and Church Fathers, including St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas, and St. Robert Bellarmine, have echoed this teaching, with Aquinas stating that "there is no entering into salvation outside the Church, just as in the time of the deluge there was none outside the ark, which denotes the Church".