Yes, it's usually a form of socially sanctioned self harm. They want to rebel against what is expected of them, to prove to themselves they still matter regardless of how ugly they make themselves. It comes from large amounts of insecurity that they're not "good enough" so they want their outer body to look as bad as they feel inside.

Other than the men in gangs getting them as a kind of war bonding ritual, which is just a different kind of trauma.