They don't. Anyone who preaches that there is a dual covenant - one for the jews, and one for Christians - is a heretic. Nostra Aetate in particular is heretical garbage that uses the exact same diction as the council of trent to state the exact opposite of what trent said. There is no salvation outside the church. Catholics worship a different God than jews, muslims, and even protestants. And the jews are cursed by God for eternity for what they did.

Vatican 2 was not a dogmatic council. It was pastoral council, meaning all it had authority to change was pastoral policies. Yet it has been used by jews within the church itself to redefine dogma and establish an anti-church.