I think we might be approaching the point where people can start configuring their own underground web infrastructure.

For instance, in small towns you can use meshnetworks, which is spread spectrum radio that can avoid too much interference in sparsely-populated areas. Funnily enough, pirate radio was a bit like the dark web before the dark web, and podcasting before podcasting, and some pirate broadcasters would even transmit the info needed to "literally" pirate games as long as you could convert the data to code.

Of course if the gov really wants to they can triangulate where the broadcasts are coming from, and while they could only listen in on pirate radio broadcasts (as opposed to encrypted p2p meshnet communications), they could also simply outlaw such communication altogether. Could also perhaps use sonar to transmit data, dunno if you can mask the location of the sonar pings tho. But in any event, today's extraordinary processing power and AI programs make the use of "noisy" and scrambled communication methods a lot more feasible.