The only one of these that was authentically built by sub-saharan Africans was #3 (Top right). That's the Conical Tower at the Great Zimbabwe site, built in the 11th or 12th century. Impressive masonry, to keep it all standing for as long as it did when they didn't use mortar. But the rest is all in North Africa, and I'm pretty sure #4 and #9 are modern.
Jewish/Arabic y-chromosome was found coincidentally all over the one area that any actual structure was built, Jewish oral tradition surviving to today, but according to wikipedia "recent research" says it super-definitely was built by the natives.
The only one of these that was authentically built by sub-saharan Africans was #3 (Top right). That's the Conical Tower at the Great Zimbabwe site, built in the 11th or 12th century. Impressive masonry, to keep it all standing for as long as it did when they didn't use mortar. But the rest is all in North Africa, and I'm pretty sure #4 and #9 are modern.
Jewish/Arabic y-chromosome was found coincidentally all over the one area that any actual structure was built, Jewish oral tradition surviving to today, but according to wikipedia "recent research" says it super-definitely was built by the natives.
Yeah, sure... the Jews built it.