University booster mandates were deemed unethical by the researchers for the following reasons:
no formal risk-benefit assessment exists for this age group;
vaccine mandates may result in a net expected harm to individual young > people;
mandates are not proportionate: expected harms are not outweighed by public health benefits given the modest and transient effectiveness of vaccines against transmission;
US mandates violate the reciprocity principle because rare serious vaccine-related harms will not be reliably compensated due to gaps in current vaccine injury schemes; and
mandates create wider social harms. We consider counter-arguments such as a desire for socialization and safety and show that such arguments lack scientific and/or ethical support.
Oh look, what everyone knew years ago...