In common-law, the court needs proof that defendant has received the summons and is either present, or has an advocate. I never received a summons since it was sent to the wrong country, and there was no advocate in the proceedings. Just a real shit-show all round. I didn't have any sort of legal advice at all because I was never made aware there was a process until it was finished and sealed and the execution run against me by polish bailiffs. I got competent advice later--the lawyer (Polish) said that they basically railroaded me, and any lawyer could have stopped them in their tracks had I known there was a case and been defended. Unfortunately, summons in Europe, as near as I can see, only need be sent. They don't seem to need proof of receipt.
In common-law, the court needs proof that defendant has received the summons and is either present, or has an advocate. I never received a summons since it was sent to the wrong country, and there was no advocate in the proceedings. Just a real shit-show all round. I didn't have any sort of legal advice at all because I was never made aware there was a process until it was finished and sealed and the execution run against me by polish bailiffs. I got competent advice later--the lawyer (Polish) said that they basically railroaded me, and any lawyer could have stopped them in their tracks had I known there was a case and been defended. Unfortunately, summons in Europe, as near as I can see, only need be sent. They don't seem to need proof of receipt.