From my understanding of how tariffs as a whole work, the government(s) of the country the imports come from do not pay the tariffs, the company actually importing the good does, and the vast majority of companies will simply hike the price of a product up so they make the same amount of money, and pass the tariff onto the customer. This is one year where I honestly completely checked out of policy, so I'm not sure what tax incentives or other incentives that Trump said he would implement so that companies won't just keep using the cheap foreign labor and raise the prices on American customers. What are those incentives, because I highly doubt that companies are going to all of a sudden pay Americans decent wages for the labor just because of the tariff.
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Tariffs do raise the cost of goods for the consumer, but it's usually done in the name of preserving domestic industry.
If a company prices a widget at $20 when it's made in America, but can get more profit by pricing a Chinese equivalent at $10, the consumer enjoys the discount. However, that just incentivizes other companies to offshore their production so that they can meet that $10 price and compete, which further drives up the cost of the American made widget and potentially extinguishes the American producer entirely when it can't compete.
The tariff raises the cost of the Chinese widget, and it eliminates the benefit to the producer by offshoring. If it costs the same or more to produce a good overseas, they will produce it in America.
The overall benefits of the economy are additional American jobs, and in some sectors the preservation of industry that would otherwise go extinct. This is particularly important in the defense sector where you don't want to be dependent on a foreign nation for your equipment.
The cost is that you can't get your Chinese shit for $10 anymore but, especially in the case of stuff produced in China, you get what you pay for.
Trump put more than 200 tariffs in his first presidency and prices did not go up...