For me it would have to be Revolt Against the Modern World by Julius Evola. No matter where you are in life, no matter how sure you are of your beliefs, this book will at least cause you some mental conflict. I'm sure by now many of you will have either heard of it, or read it, but it's essentially the anti modernist manifesto. Evola makes great arguments for hierarchy, against secularism, against female liberation, and essentially a return to older more Pagan values. The book is very critical of Christianity, but Evola argues his points persuasively, with many of his arguments being hard to deny. The book certainly hasn't made me a Pagan, but it's certainly made me think, so I'd highly recommend it.
What book would you choose?
My mind jumps to Haidt.
The Righteous Mind, or The Coddling of the American Mind.
The Righteous Mind would help Conservatives understand why leftist thought is so simplistic and emotional. (And maybe how to appeal to them.) And help liberals understand that conservatives aren't just evil, and that there are aspects to conservatives' decisions that liberals aren't considering.
The Coddling of the American Mind would hopefully wake idiots up to the self destructive mistakes our society is making so we that we can reverse course and hopefully become a stronger people in the future.