Pertinent quote from the results section of the publication:
Most people who come from a socio-economically less favorable background do not commit more crime than people who come from a more favorable background, and it also happens that people from a more favorable background do commit crime. This means that even if there is a connection between socio-economic background and involvement in crime, that connection is weak. It is not possible to appreciably predict who will commit crimes based on knowledge of people's socio-economic background.
https://bra.se/publikationer/arkiv/publikationer/2023-03-01-socioekonomisk-bakgrund-och-brott.html
Oh look, it's the Jared Diamond argument.
I used to buy it, but when I started thinking about it, it quickly fell apart. The cow is not a naturally occurring animal. It was domesticated from the now extinct Aurochs over the course of millennia.
Similarly, wild horses (considered an endangered species) are not the same as their domesticated counterparts, and you won't have an easy time trying to train one to pull a cart or let you ride on its back - although, crucially, just as with the Zebra, it is possible. Just difficult and dangerous.
The domesticated species prevalent across Eurasia are man-made creations born through the ingenuity and efforts of countless generations of determined, prehistoric animal handlers to contend with that difficulty and danger of controlling a wild animal - a class of people that never came into existence in Sub-Saharan Africa until European and Arab incursion.
Africa's problem is the one problem you are not allowed to talk about: Average IQ.
You can't have developed country when half (or more) of your population has an IQ under 85 and is literally incapable of pondering a conditional hypothetical.